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Business Law

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  • LLC formation (single-member and multi-member)
  • Corporation formation (S-corps and C-corps)
  • Partnership and joint venture formation
  • Operating agreements, partnership agreements, and bylaws
  • EIN and basic state filing guidance
  • Conversions (changing from one entity type to another)
  • Reinstatements for dissolved or inactive LLCs and corporations
  • Annual reports and basic compliance filings

  • The right entity depends on your goals, number of owners, growth plans, and tax situation. Many small businesses start with an LLC for flexibility, but it all depends on your situation.

  • You can operate under your own name as a sole proprietor, but you and the business are legally the same, so business debts and lawsuits can reach your personal assets. An LLC creates a separate legal entity that can help shield your personal property if run properly.

  • After formation, you should obtain an EIN, open a separate business bank account, adopt an operating agreement or bylaws, and document key decisions in written resolutions or minutes. You also need to track annual report deadlines and any required licenses so the entity stays in good standing.

  • A registered agent is the person or company designated to receive legal papers and official notices for your business. Most states require every LLC and corporation to have a registered agent with a physical address in that state.

  • An operating agreement (for an LLC) or bylaws (for a corporation) set the rules for how the business is owned and managed—who makes decisions, how profits are shared, and what happens if someone leaves. Even for single‑owner businesses, these documents help avoid disputes, support liability protection, and are often requested by banks and investors

Trademarks

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  • Trademark availability searches
  • Trademark strategy and brand selection guidance
  • U.S. trademark application preparation and filing
  • Office Action and refusal responses
  • Trademark monitoring and enforcement guidance
  • Trademark renewals and maintenance filings
  • Licensing, coexistence, and consent agreements

  • A trademark or service mark is any word, phrase, symbol, design, or combination that identifies the source of certain goods or services. Under U.S. common law, trademark rights begin when the mark is actually used in commerce—not necessarily when it’s registered. The purpose of a trademark is to distinguish one provider’s products or services from another’s.

  • Individuals or businesses claiming rights in a mark can use the symbols TM (for goods) or SM (for services) to notify the public of their ownership claim, even if the mark is unregistered. The ® symbol, however, is reserved exclusively for marks that have been officially registered with the U.S. Patent and Trademark Office (USPTO). Misuse of this symbol can lead to penalties.

  • Before using or applying to register a trademark, it’s important to search existing federal, state, and common-law records. A search of the USPTO database can show whether similar marks are already registered, but additional checks should be made for marks in use that might not be federally registered. Since common-law rights belong to the first user in commerce, these searches help avoid costly conflicts.

  • When applying for a trademark, you’ll choose the type of protection you want based on how your brand appears to consumers.


    • Word Mark (Standard Character Mark): Protects ONLY the words themselves, regardless of font, color, or style.

      • Covers the broadest use of the name or phrase

      • Ideal for brand names, slogans, or taglines

      • You can use it in any font or format later

    • Design Mark (Logo/Image Mark): Protects a specific visual appearance of your mark (i.e. logos)

      • If there is a visual design in your mark, even if words are present, a design mark is needed

      • Protection is limited to the specific design filed

  • If your business is up and running and you have your mark, start using it.

    When filing a trademark application, you’ll need to choose a filing basis that reflects whether your mark is already in use or if you plan to use it soon.

    • 1(a) – Use in Commerce: You’re already using the mark in connection with your goods or services.

      • Must submit a specimen showing real-world use

      • Common for active businesses or products already launched

    • 1(b) – Intent to Use: You’re not using the mark yet but plan to in the near future.

      • No specimen required at filing

      • Must file a Statement of Use later to complete registration

      • Useful for startups, rebrands, or upcoming product launches

  • When you apply for a trademark, you must list the specific goods or services you provide, and these are organized into numbered classes by the USPTO.

    • There are 45 total trademark classes: 34 for goods, 11 for services

    • You can file in one or multiple classes, depending on what you offer 

    • Each class requires a separate USPTO fee, and protection only applies to the classes you select

    • Choosing the right class (or classes) is critical to ensure full coverage and avoid unnecessary costs

  • Trademark applications are not just a simple file and done. They can be an adversarial process with the USPTO. There is also a long line. Typically it takes 9-12 months after filing to get a first response. Most applications will need to overcome at least one initial rejection. In total, expect 1-2 years from start to finish

Estate Planning

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  • Wills
  • Trusts
  • Powers of attorney 
  • Health care directives/living wills
  • Transfer-on-death deeds and beneficiary designations
  • Estate plan updates and reviews

  • An estate plan is a set of documents that directs what happens to your assets and who can make decisions for you if you become incapacitated or pass away. It helps protect your family, avoid unnecessary court involvement, and carry out your wishes as efficiently as possible

  • Most people start with a will, a financial power of attorney, and health care directives (health care power of attorney and living will). Many also use a revocable living trust to keep assets out of probate and make administration smoother for loved ones.

  • A will says who receives your property after death and who will serve as personal representative (executor) of your estate. It can also nominate guardians for minor children, but it does not avoid probate by itself.

  • For business owners, an estate plan also needs to address who will own and run the company if you retire, become incapacitated, or die. Without a clear plan, your family, co‑owners, and employees can face confusion, disputes, or even the forced sale or closure of the business.

  • Most people should revisit their estate plan every few years, or sooner after major life events like marriage, divorce, a new child, a significant change in assets, or the start or sale of a business. Regular reviews help ensure your plan still reflects your goals and current law.

Contracts

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  • Drafting new contracts for businesses and individuals
  • Reviewing and explaining contracts before you sign
  • Negotiating contract terms and edits
  • Vendor, client, and service agreements
  • Independent contractor and employment agreements
  • NDAs and confidentiality agreements
  • Operating, partnership, and shareholder agreements
  • Contract updates, addendums, and renewals

  • A contract is a legally enforceable agreement between two or more parties. It is usually binding when there is an offer, acceptance, clear terms, and an exchange of value (consideration).

  • Many everyday agreements can be verbal and still enforceable, but some types (such as real estate contracts and certain long‑term agreements) must be in writing under the statute of frauds. A written contract also makes it much easier to prove what was agreed.

  • Online templates can be a starting point, but they are not tailored to your state law, situation, or your specific business risks. It is usually wise to have a lawyer customize your key contracts so they actually match how you operate.

  • Watch for automatic renewals, one‑sided indemnity or liability clauses, broad non‑compete or non‑solicit language, and harsh default or termination provisions. You should also confirm that the written terms match what you discussed.

  • Yes, but changes should be made in a written amendment or addendum signed by all parties. Email exchanges alone may not clearly or cleanly update the original agreement.

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